Treatments for Swallowing Disorders
Medication and Diet
Many causes contribute to swallowing disorders. Treatment is tailored to the particular cause of the swallowing disorder and specific recommendations will be made for you after a thorough evaluation. Drugs that slow stomach acid production, muscle relaxants, and antacids are a few of the many medicines available.Dietary changes that include smaller, more frequent meals and avoiding food within three hours of bedtime can be effective and may be recommended. Other lifestyle changes could include:
- Reduction or elimination of alcohol and caffeine.
- Weight and stress reduction.
- Elevating the head of bed at night.
Swallowing Therapy
Many swallowing disorders may be helped by direct swallowing therapy. A speech pathologist can provide special exercises for coordinating the swallowing muscles or re-stimulating the nerves that trigger the swallow reflex. Patients may also be taught simple ways to place food in the mouth or position the body and head to help the swallow occur successfully.Surgery
Surgery is used to treat certain problems. If a narrowing or stricture exists, the area may need to be stretched or dilated. If a muscle is too tight, it may need to be dilated or released surgically. This procedure is called a myotomy and is performed by an otolaryngologist–head and neck surgeon.In addition to the care provided by your medical doctors, a swallowing evaluation may be performed by a speech pathologist using real foods and liquids to help accurately diagnose and effectively manage the swallowing problem.
Your speech therapist working as a member of your clinical team will perform a thorough evaluation of your history and lifestyle. Based on the unique characteristics of your swallowing problems, your treatment plan may include:
- Oral Motor Exercises to increase the strength and range of motion of the lips, tongue, and jaw.
- Swallowing Maneuvers to improve the safety and coordination of your swallow.
- Postural Techniques to assist with the transfer of food and liquid into the throat and to increase airway protection during swallowing.
- A Modified Diet if during your evaluation your speech therapist determines that foods of certain textures and consistencies present specific problems for you.
- Nutrition Counseling for patients who experience significant weight loss due to swallowing difficulties.
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